The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.